{"id":703,"date":"2026-01-05T18:42:46","date_gmt":"2026-01-05T17:42:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging-scf.agence-nsw.xyz\/histoire-de-la-chimie\/actualites\/le-benzene\/"},"modified":"2026-01-05T18:42:46","modified_gmt":"2026-01-05T17:42:46","slug":"le-benzene","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging-scf.agence-nsw.xyz\/histoire-de-la-chimie\/fr\/actualites\/le-benzene\/","title":{"rendered":"Le benz\u00e8ne"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00b5-colloque du 10 d\u00e9cembre 2025<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\">Il y a deux si\u00e8cles, Michael Faraday d\u00e9couvrait le benz\u00e8ne, ouvrant la voie \u00e0 l\u2019exploration d\u2019un vaste univers mol\u00e9culaire : celui des compos\u00e9s aromatiques. Depuis, ces mol\u00e9cules n\u2019ont cess\u00e9 de fasciner par leur diversit\u00e9, leur stabilit\u00e9 et surtout par leurs innombrables applications, qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse de colorants, de m\u00e9dicaments ou encore de mat\u00e9riaux innovants. Mais au-del\u00e0 de ces usages, c\u2019est la structure m\u00eame des compos\u00e9s aromatiques qui a profond\u00e9ment influenc\u00e9 la chimie, en contribuant \u00e0 la compr\u00e9hension des liaisons chimiques et en rapprochant chimie structurale et m\u00e9canique quantique. Le concept d\u2019aromaticit\u00e9, a travers\u00e9 des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations de chimistes. Aujourd\u2019hui encore, il reste au c\u0153ur de questionnements scientifiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\">Les travaux r\u00e9cents r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que certaines mol\u00e9cules aromatiques, longtemps consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme rigoureusement planes, peuvent adopter des structures chirales, remettant en cause les fondements m\u00eames de ce concept. \u00c0 l\u2019heure o\u00f9 l\u2019aromaticit\u00e9 semble \u00e0 nouveau en pleine red\u00e9finition, il est l\u00e9gitime de s\u2019interroger sur la place qu\u2019elle occupe \u2014 ou qu\u2019elle doit occuper \u2014 dans notre mani\u00e8re d\u2019enseigner, de comprendre et de<br>faire de la chimie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Yoann Coquerel<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chercheur \u00e0 l&rsquo;Institut des sciences mol\u00e9culaires de Marseille \u2013 ISM2<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Histoire de la d\u00e9couverte d\u2019une mol\u00e9cule<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En 1825, Michael Faraday rapporte ses travaux sur l\u2019isolement d\u2019un nouvel hydrocarbure obtenu lors de la d\u00e9composition de l\u2019huile par la chaleur. Il nomme cette substance bi-carburet d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne, laquelle sera rapidement renomm\u00e9e benzin puis benz\u00e8ne. Cette nouvelle mol\u00e9cule sera un casse-t\u00eate chimique pour le si\u00e8cle qui suivra : elle a tout d\u2019un alc\u00e8ne mais ce n\u2019est pas un alc\u00e8ne. Il faudra attendre les ann\u00e9es 1860 pour voir apparaitre les premi\u00e8res propositions correctes de la structure du benz\u00e8ne, et ce ne sera qu\u2019en 1928 que sa structure sera prouv\u00e9e exp\u00e9rimentalement. Ce chapitre de l&rsquo;histoire de la chimie, jalonn\u00e9 de personnalit\u00e9s \u00e9minentes et d&rsquo;hypoth\u00e8ses intrigantes, sera retrac\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Histoire de la d\u00e9couverte d\u2019une mol\u00e9cule, Yoann Coquerel\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/FINMJ59T18g?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a href=\"https:\/\/new.societechimiquedefrance.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Yoann-SCF-benzene-Faraday-10decembre2025-final_corrected-15dec.pdf\">Yoann Coquerel \u2013 Histoire de la d\u00e9couverte d&rsquo;une mol\u00e9cule<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/new.societechimiquedefrance.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Yoann-SCF-benzene-Faraday-10decembre2025-final_corrected-15dec.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button\" download>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Denis Hagebaum-Reignier<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chercheur \u00e0 l&rsquo;Institut des sciences mol\u00e9culaires de Marseille \u2013 ISM2<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Histoire d\u2019une rencontre avec la m\u00e9canique quantique<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le concept d\u2019aromaticit\u00e9, n\u00e9 au XIX\u1d49 si\u00e8cle avec Faraday et l\u2019\u00e9tude du benz\u00e8ne, visait \u00e0 expliquer la stabilit\u00e9 particuli\u00e8re de certaines mol\u00e9cules. Apr\u00e8s la d\u00e9couverte de l\u2019\u00e9lectron par Thomson en 1897, Lewis propose en 1916 une premi\u00e8re th\u00e9orie de la liaison chimique fond\u00e9e sur les \u00e9lectrons de valence. L\u2019av\u00e8nement de la m\u00e9canique quantique en 1926 transforme ensuite cette vision : Pauling introduit la r\u00e9sonance, cons\u00e9quence directe du principe de superposition, tandis que H\u00fcckel formalise la d\u00e9localisation \u00e9lectronique et \u00e9tablit sa r\u00e8gle des 4n+2 \u00e9lectrons \u03c0. Leurs approches, ind\u00e9pendantes mais compl\u00e9mentaires, jettent les bases de la chimie quantique moderne et red\u00e9finissent l\u2019aromaticit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Histoire d\u2019une rencontre avec la m\u00e9canique quantique, Denis Hagebaum-Reignier\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/HngmtV-zfmg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a href=\"https:\/\/new.societechimiquedefrance.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/SCF-benzene-Faraday-10decembre2025_DHR_final_corrected.pdf\">Denis Hagebaum-Reignier \u2013 Histoire d\u2019une rencontre avec la m\u00e9canique quantique <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/new.societechimiquedefrance.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/SCF-benzene-Faraday-10decembre2025_DHR_final_corrected.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button\" download>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Yannick Carissan<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chercheur \u00e0 l&rsquo;Institut des sciences mol\u00e9culaires de Marseille \u2013 ISM2<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Histoire du concept d\u2019aromaticit\u00e9<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c0 partir de la d\u00e9couverte du benz\u00e8ne par Faraday, les chimistes ont cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 comprendre la stabilit\u00e9 relative de ce compos\u00e9 et son comportement singulier : moins r\u00e9actif que les alc\u00e8nes, mais suffisamment actif pour permettre de nombreuses transformations sans rupture du cycle. De cette observation est n\u00e9e l\u2019id\u00e9e d\u2019une d\u00e9localisation d\u2019\u00e9lectrons en circuit ferm\u00e9, dont les effets se manifestent \u00e0 la fois sur la structure, l\u2019\u00e9nergie et les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s magn\u00e9tiques des mol\u00e9cules. Dans cet expos\u00e9, nous tenterons de d\u00e9finir, ou du moins de cerner, ce qu\u2019est r\u00e9ellement l\u2019aromaticit\u00e9, un concept en pleine crise d\u2019identit\u00e9. De la stabilit\u00e9 chimique \u00e0 la r\u00e9ponse magn\u00e9tique, nous verrons comment cette notion a \u00e9volu\u00e9 au fil du temps, passant d\u2019un constat empirique \u00e0 un concept quantique fond\u00e9 sur la d\u00e9localisation \u00e9lectronique. Nous conclurons en pr\u00e9sentant nos travaux r\u00e9cents sur les cartes IMS3D, h\u00e9riti\u00e8res des id\u00e9es de Schleyer pr\u00e8s de trente ans plus t\u00f4t, fruits d\u2019une collaboration transdisciplinaire entre chimie organique et th\u00e9orie, qui ouvrent la voie \u00e0 une exploration de l\u2019aromaticit\u00e9 dans des compos\u00e9s tridimensionnels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Histoire du concept d\u2019aromaticit\u00e9, Yannick Carissan\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/-nHuWsTmiBE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a href=\"https:\/\/new.societechimiquedefrance.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Yannick-SCF-benzene-Faraday-10decembre2025-final_corrected-17dec.pdf\">Yannick Carissan \u2013 Histoire du concept d\u2019aromaticit\u00e9 <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/new.societechimiquedefrance.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Yannick-SCF-benzene-Faraday-10decembre2025-final_corrected-17dec.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button\" download>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Eric Jacques<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Enseignant<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Histoire d\u2019en apprendre, P\u00e9dagogie &amp; \u00c9pist\u00e9mologie<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En quoi l\u2019histoire de l\u2019\u00e9volution du concept d\u2019aromaticit\u00e9 est-elle pertinente pour l\u2019enseignement de la chimie ? Que nous apprend-elle sur l\u2019usage et les articulations entre concepts, mod\u00e9lisations et th\u00e9ories dans cette discipline ? La chimie, envisag\u00e9e \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re des d\u00e9couvertes r\u00e9centes dans ce domaine, peut-elle d\u00e8s lors se concevoir et s\u2019enseigner comme la physique ? En associant pratique r\u00e9flexive et histoire de la chimie et de la physique, nous tenterons de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 ces questions et de montrer que ces deux sciences, que l\u2019on pourrait croire difficilement compatibles dans un enseignement commun, se r\u00e9v\u00e8lent au contraire compl\u00e9mentaires : leur rapprochement permet de transmettre des postures scientifiques fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Histoire d\u2019en apprendre, P\u00e9dagogie &amp; \u00c9pist\u00e9mologie, Eric Jacques\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/9mjqqPdXJl0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\" \/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00b5-colloque du 10 d\u00e9cembre 2025 Il y a deux si\u00e8cles, Michael Faraday d\u00e9couvrait le benz\u00e8ne, ouvrant la voie \u00e0 l\u2019exploration d\u2019un vaste univers mol\u00e9culaire : celui des compos\u00e9s aromatiques. Depuis, ces mol\u00e9cules n\u2019ont cess\u00e9 de fasciner par leur diversit\u00e9, leur stabilit\u00e9 et surtout par leurs innombrables applications, qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse de colorants, de m\u00e9dicaments ou encore [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-703","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualites"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Le benz\u00e8ne - SCF Groupe Histoire de la Chimie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le benz\u00e8ne - SCF Groupe Histoire de la Chimie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00b5-colloque du 10 d\u00e9cembre 2025 Il y a deux si\u00e8cles, Michael Faraday d\u00e9couvrait le benz\u00e8ne, ouvrant la voie \u00e0 l\u2019exploration d\u2019un vaste univers mol\u00e9culaire : celui des compos\u00e9s aromatiques. 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